The boiler is the main device in the heating system. It is used to transfer the generated thermal energy to the coolant. All boilers operate on the same principle.
Automation built into the boiler with the help of sensors and temperature regulators determines at what point it is necessary to turn on in order to maintain a given temperature regime. Water is heated in the heat exchanger, thanks to the pump, which makes the water circulate along the heating circuit. Boilers are manufactured single-circuit and double-circuit. Single-circuit ones have only one circuit designed for heating.
In double-circuit there are two circuits - one circuit for heating, and the second for water heating. A distinctive feature of the double-circuit boiler is that at the same time two circuits cannot work, the boiler can either heat the room or heat water for domestic needs.
There are boilers: floor and wall.
REFERENCE: Floor boilers are made only single-circuit. If there is a need for water heating, you will have to purchase a storage boiler.
Floor-mounted boilers are more overall than wall-mounted boilers, but less demanding of operating conditions. Boilers operate on various energy sources: gas, coal, firewood, fuel oil.
The most popular among users are gas boilers, due to the fact that they do not require forces and time to load fuel. Once connected the boiler to the gas pipeline and use the heating for your pleasure. The main thing is to choose the boiler power and the amount of water that it can heat in one hour.
Basic boiler malfunctions
Gas boilers are reliable and durable, but like any equipment or machinery, over time, they need maintenance and repair. All faults are classified as obvious and non-obvious. Some boiler models have a fault indicator built-in.
If the boiler is working and the batteries are cold, this may indicate that it is noted:
- Insufficient voltage in the network or a power surge in the network due to which some parts may burn out;
- Insufficient natural gas pressure - less than 20 bar;
- The pressure in the heating system is less than 0.5 bar;
Non-obvious boiler failures:
- The most common is the failure of any one of the main spare parts of the boiler: heat exchanger, temperature regulator, pump;
- Defective flow sensor;
- Problems with the gas valve;
- Clogged filters;
- Open circuit of the sensor in the boiler thermostat.
A specialist from the boiler service center who has the experience, sufficient knowledge and special equipment to diagnose the malfunction will help identify a non-obvious breakdown.
Heating circuit problem
Sometimes people complain that the boiler turns on - it works, but the water in the radiators remains cold or slightly warm. The main cause of the malfunction is incorrect setting or malfunction of the main parts: heat exchanger, pump or three-way valve.
Of all the malfunctions in the boiler, the most common malfunction is the formation of deposits in the heat exchanger. This is due to the use of hard tap water, as in a teapot where water is boiled. The heat exchanger in the boiler serves to transfer the heat that it received during the combustion of energy, cold water in the heating system that passes through it.
The scale, formed, does not allow water to come into contact with metal tubes and, passing through the heat exchanger with scale, does not have time to warm up. To eliminate scale, special liquid means are released to remove it, with which it is necessary to rinse the heat exchanger.
The single-circuit boiler is heated and the batteries are not heated due to the fact that such a component as a pump, which must pump hot water through radiators, often fails. The reason for the incorrect operation of the pump may lie in the rotor, which could jam, or in the accumulation of air.
How to repair the system
Initially, to determine the malfunction of the pump, it is necessary to check the operation of the rotor, for this it is necessary to unscrew the nut-plug on the end of the pump. When spinning, a small amount of water will flow out. Next, insert a screwdriver inside and turn the pump shaft.
If air has accumulated in the pump, open the air outlet and lower it. The air outlet looks like a cap that rises and rotates around an axis. At the moment of descent, a certain hiss will be heard, as if to lower the balloon. If all these manipulations did not help, you will have to replace the defective part with a new one. Since the repair is quite difficult to perform, and the service is not cheap.
Important: If you do not have enough qualifications in boiler repair, it is better to invite a specialist from the after-sales service. Since improper actions during the course of your repair can cause even more damage to the boiler. And in the case of gas boilers, it is also life threatening.
Tips from professionals: how to prevent a problem
A gas boiler can last a long time without breakdowns if timely preventive maintenance is carried out. The most vulnerable part in boilers is the heat exchanger, due to the use of tap water, it needs regular cleaning. But flushing requires not only a heat exchanger, but also a heating system with radiators.
Experts recommend flushing the heating system with such a frequency:
- If antifreeze is used as a heat carrier, it will be enough once every five years;
- If water is used as a heat carrier, it will be necessary to rinse once every ten years. Provided that water will not be periodically added to the heating system;
- Preventive work should be carried out in the summer.
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